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<br>Announced in 2016, [pipewiki.org](https://pipewiki.org/wiki/index.php/User:ArronRunyon8868) Gym is an open-source Python library created to facilitate the advancement of support knowing [algorithms](http://1688dome.com). It aimed to standardize how environments are specified in [AI](https://git.zzxxxc.com) research study, making released research more easily reproducible [24] [144] while providing users with a basic user interface for interacting with these environments. In 2022, new developments of Gym have actually been relocated to the library Gymnasium. [145] [146] |
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<br>Gym Retro<br> |
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<br>Released in 2018, Gym Retro is a platform for support learning (RL) research study on computer game [147] utilizing RL algorithms and study generalization. Prior RL research study focused mainly on [enhancing agents](https://www.opentx.cz) to solve single tasks. Gym Retro provides the capability to generalize between games with comparable principles but various appearances.<br> |
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<br>RoboSumo<br> |
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<br>Released in 2017, RoboSumo is a virtual world where humanoid metalearning robot agents at first do not have [knowledge](https://happylife1004.co.kr) of how to even stroll, however are given the goals of discovering to move and to push the opposing agent out of the ring. [148] Through this adversarial learning procedure, the representatives learn how to adapt to [altering conditions](https://scfr-ksa.com). When an agent is then gotten rid of from this virtual environment and placed in a brand-new virtual environment with high winds, the agent braces to remain upright, suggesting it had found out how to stabilize in a generalized method. [148] [149] OpenAI's Igor Mordatch argued that competition between representatives could create an intelligence "arms race" that could increase a representative's ability to work even outside the context of the competitors. [148] |
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<br>OpenAI 5<br> |
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<br>OpenAI Five is a team of 5 OpenAI-curated bots used in the [competitive five-on-five](https://www.a34z.com) computer game Dota 2, that find out to play against human gamers at a high skill level entirely through [trial-and-error algorithms](https://www.cbmedics.com). Before becoming a team of 5, the first public demonstration took place at The International 2017, the annual best championship tournament for the game, where Dendi, a professional Ukrainian gamer, lost against a bot in a live one-on-one match. [150] [151] After the match, CTO Greg Brockman explained that the bot had learned by playing against itself for 2 weeks of actual time, and that the knowing software was a step in the direction of creating software that can deal with complicated tasks like a surgeon. [152] [153] The system uses a kind of reinforcement learning, as the [bots learn](http://git.daiss.work) with time by playing against themselves numerous times a day for months, and are rewarded for actions such as killing an enemy and taking map goals. [154] [155] [156] |
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<br>By June 2018, the ability of the bots broadened to play together as a complete team of 5, and they were able to defeat groups of amateur and semi-professional players. [157] [154] [158] [159] At The International 2018, OpenAI Five played in two exhibit matches against expert players, however ended up losing both games. [160] [161] [162] In April 2019, OpenAI Five defeated OG, the [reigning](http://114.115.218.2309005) world champions of the game at the time, 2:0 in a live exhibit match in San Francisco. [163] [164] The bots' last public look came later on that month, where they played in 42,729 overall games in a four-day open online competition, winning 99.4% of those video games. [165] |
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<br>OpenAI 5's mechanisms in Dota 2's bot player reveals the difficulties of [AI](https://learn.ivlc.com) systems in multiplayer online fight arena (MOBA) games and how OpenAI Five has demonstrated the use of deep reinforcement knowing (DRL) agents to attain superhuman skills in Dota 2 matches. [166] |
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<br>Dactyl<br> |
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<br>Developed in 2018, Dactyl uses maker discovering to train a Shadow Hand, a human-like robotic hand, to manipulate physical items. [167] It discovers completely in simulation utilizing the exact same RL algorithms and training code as OpenAI Five. OpenAI dealt with the things orientation problem by utilizing domain randomization, a simulation method which exposes the learner to a range of experiences instead of trying to fit to reality. The set-up for Dactyl, aside from having movement tracking video cameras, likewise has RGB cams to allow the robot to manipulate an arbitrary item by seeing it. In 2018, OpenAI showed that the system was able to control a cube and an octagonal prism. [168] |
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<br>In 2019, OpenAI showed that Dactyl might fix a Rubik's Cube. The robot was able to fix the puzzle 60% of the time. Objects like the Rubik's Cube present intricate physics that is harder to model. OpenAI did this by improving the effectiveness of Dactyl to perturbations by using Automatic Domain Randomization (ADR), a simulation approach of creating progressively harder environments. ADR [differs](https://git.penwing.org) from manual [domain randomization](http://39.105.128.46) by not needing a human to specify randomization ranges. [169] |
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<br>API<br> |
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<br>In June 2020, OpenAI revealed a multi-purpose API which it said was "for accessing brand-new [AI](http://63.141.251.154) designs developed by OpenAI" to let developers get in touch with it for "any English language [AI](http://168.100.224.79:3000) job". [170] [171] |
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<br>Text generation<br> |
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<br>The company has promoted generative pretrained transformers (GPT). [172] |
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<br>OpenAI's initial GPT model ("GPT-1")<br> |
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<br>The original paper on generative pre-training of a transformer-based language design was composed by Alec Radford and his coworkers, and published in preprint on OpenAI's website on June 11, 2018. [173] It revealed how a generative design of language might obtain world knowledge and procedure long-range reliances by pre-training on a diverse corpus with long [stretches](https://music.worldcubers.com) of contiguous text.<br> |
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<br>GPT-2<br> |
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<br>Generative Pre-trained Transformer 2 ("GPT-2") is an [transformer language](http://163.228.224.1053000) design and the successor to OpenAI's initial GPT model ("GPT-1"). GPT-2 was revealed in February 2019, [forum.batman.gainedge.org](https://forum.batman.gainedge.org/index.php?action=profile |
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